Organic Waste

An Untapped Resource

From kitchen scraps to garden clippings, organic waste often goes unnoticed in our daily lives. Everyday activities like cooking and gardening continually contribute to this stream. But what if we viewed this "waste" as a sustainable resource? By managing organic waste in the right way, we can transform it into valuable solutions like compost and energy, or even produce nutritious feed for animals.

Some regions have already discovered how to harness its potential, using it to generate local energy, market composted material, and enrich public gardens with natural nutrition. These efforts cut down on landfill use and greenhouse gas emissions, support agricultural productivity, and demonstrate a commitment to a cleaner tomorrow, truly making the most of this untapped resource.

Understanding Organic Waste

So, what exactly is organic waste and where does it come from? It includes a broad range of biodegradable materials such as food scraps, agricultural residues, and gardening waste. This waste is generated from households, restaurants, farms, and food processing industries. Gardening waste, a specific type of organic waste, comprises grass clippings, leaves, branches, weeds, and other plant debris, all of which naturally break down over time.

When discussing organic waste, it's important to recognize that because it is not always the same type of waste, the treatment methods can vary depending on the composition and origin of the waste. For instance, although wood is also considered organic waste, it follows completely different recycling paths and technologies.

In an ideal scenario, organic waste holds great potential as part of a sustainable system. While it may not always return to its original form, organic waste can still be repurposed effectively when collected and recycled separately. For instance, green waste can be composted to enrich the soil and support new growth, and kitchen waste can be processed in biogas plants to produce energy and nutrient-rich residues that benefit agriculture. This approach minimizes waste and maximizes resource efficiency. A few of the impressive benefits of this methodology include reduced environmental impact, economic opportunities, and overall sustainability.

The Challenge of Organic Waste Today

In the modern world, the concept of nature's circular economy faces several challenges. To start, most people in densely populated urban areas lack access to gardens or sufficient outdoor space for composting. This makes small-scale composting systems impractical and less environmentally friendly. Organic waste in apartments and similar types of housing is often not collected and separated effectively. Communal organic waste bins frequently become catch-alls when other garbage bins are full, and the separation of waste within individual apartments is often inadequate. Furthermore, the lack of financial incentives for individual waste separation in communal living spaces further complicates effective waste management.

Additionally, the effectiveness of organic waste collection depends on the type of collection system in place. In regions with household collection, where each household has its own organic waste bin that is emptied at home, the quantities collected are significantly higher than in areas where residents must take their organic waste to a recycling center themselves. Moreover, gardening waste is often highly seasonal, with large amounts generated in short bursts during autumn leaf fall and spring pruning.

Modern consumer habits also interfere with the management of organic waste. There has been a considerable increase in the amount of waste we generate due to overbuying, lack of meal planning, and food spoilage. Convenience foods and packaging further disrupt decomposition efforts, as many items are not easily separated into compostable and non-compostable components.

When organic waste is disposed of with normal residual waste, it is burned, preventing it from being repurposed.

In addition, while many EU countries have implemented highly effective systems with separate bins for organic waste, occasional issues still arise. Sometimes, non-organic items like plastics or metals mistakenly end up in these bins, contaminating the compost. While these contaminants can be detected and removed, it requires extra effort and resources.

Innovative Solutions for Organic Waste Management

In response to these challenges, significant progress has been made in dealing with organic waste. Various innovative solutions are emerging that help tackle these issues effectively. One such solution is advanced composting systems. Unlike traditional methods, these modern systems are enclosed and equipped with sophisticated air pollution control mechanisms, significantly reducing emissions and offering a more sustainable way to manage organic waste.

Aside from the widely adopted organic waste bins that have become a standard practice in most households, one key area of improvement is increasing consumer awareness. Initiatives by companies like Lidl are successfully reducing food waste. For example, Lidl's "Lebensmittelretter" (food saver) program offers nearly-expired products at discounted prices, encouraging better consumer practices and reducing food waste.

Another well-established solution is the provision of green waste containers and local sites for gardening waste disposal, especially during high waste production seasons. These measures ensure that gardening waste is managed smoothly through constructive community-driven waste management systems.

and foster a culture of environmental responsibility. To create a sustainable future, expanding such projects and continuing to educate the public will be crucial.

Farmers and food producers are also playing a vital role in this movement. They are adopting creative approaches, such as repurposing unsold bread as animal feed. Moreover, technology-driven approaches are also gaining traction. Smart fridges and apps that track expiration dates help minimize over-purchasing and food waste, supporting more efficient consumption habits.

Despite these measures, the search for better answers continues. There are currently no alternative technologies on the market to biogas plants and composting, apart from incineration plants and landfills. More effective recycling strategies for all waste streams are essential to fully close the loop, making sure that organic materials are consistently reintroduced into the system.

A novel example of such innovation is PreZero's Black Soldier Fly Project, which uses larvae to convert organic waste into valuable products, such as high-quality protein for animal feed and organic fertilizer. While the potential of insect technology is promising, it is currently limited by legal challenges and can only use specific organic waste streams. It remains uncertain when municipal organic waste collections could be utilized in this way. This initiative illustrates the possibilities of progressive waste management alternatives and the importance of ongoing development in this field.

Turning Organic Waste into Energy

A particularly promising solution is converting organic waste into energy, specifically biogas. This method is already enhancing energy production in several countries. Organic materials like food scraps, agricultural residues, and garden waste are collected and processed in anaerobic digesters. These digesters use microorganisms to break down the waste without oxygen, producing biogas primarily made up of methane and carbon dioxide.

Biogas can be upgraded to biomethane by removing impurities and CO2, making it as efficient as natural gas for heating, electricity, and fueling vehicles. Consequently, this makes organic waste a better alternative to energy crops such as maize or sugarcane, which require precious farmland that could otherwise be used for food production. Currently, there is a growing trend in biogas plants to further liquefy CO2 for easier storage and transport.

Strategically using organic waste for biogas production has multiple benefits. It reduces landfill use, cuts down greenhouse gas emissions, and provides a renewable energy source. Additionally, the byproduct of this process, called digestate, is nutrient-rich and can be used as a natural fertilizer, promoting sustainable agriculture.

Overall, converting organic waste into biogas is a potent way to increase renewable energy, thereby decreasing reliance on fossil fuels.

Looking Ahead

At PreZero, we're committed to forward-thinking strategies for organic waste management. Our operations in countries like Spain highlight the potential of transforming waste into valuable resources. With advancements in biomass, biogas, biomethane, and fuel cell technology for trucks, we are dedicated to leading the way toward a more sustainable future for our planet. Through our cutting-edge projects and initiatives, we aim to set new standards in waste management and contribute significantly to global environmental goals.